2022年度詞匯：柯林斯選了啥？
11月1日，柯林斯詞典（Collins Dictionary）公布了2022年度詞匯——permacrisis /ˈpɜːməˌkraɪsɪs/，意為“長期不穩定和不安全”。
"Permacrisis", a term that describes "an extended period of instability and insecurity", has been named Collins Word of the Year 2022.
柯林斯詞典在其官方網頁中是這樣描述 permacrisis 的：
"a term that perfectly embodies the dizzying sense of lurching from one unprecedented event to another, as we wonder bleakly what new horrors might be around the corner."
“這個詞完美展現了在一件前所未有的大事發生以后又迎來另外一件而帶來的眩暈感，因為我們都沮喪不安，又想知道接下來又會發生些什么不好的事情�！�
柯林斯詞典認為，選擇這個詞是因為它“非常簡潔地總結了2022年對人們來說是多么糟糕”。
Collins said it chose the word as it "sums up quite succinctly how truly awful 2022 has been for so many people".
柯林斯詞典意在強調目前英國乃至世界曾面臨過和仍將持續應對的各種危機，其中包括政治不穩定、烏克蘭戰爭、氣候變化、生活成本危機等。
It is one of several words Collins highlights that relate to ongoing crises the UK and the world have faced and continue to face, including political instability, the war in Ukraine, climate change, and the cost-of-living crisis.
據《衛報》（The Guardian）報道，柯林斯詞典會通過監控其180億個單詞的數據庫和一系列包括社交媒體在內的媒體來源，評選年度新詞和熱詞榜單。
“柯林斯學習”（Collins Learning）總經理亞歷克斯·比克羅夫特（Alex Beecroft）表示，這份榜單反映了“全球現狀”（the state of the world right now）。
除了 permacrisis，上榜的年度熱詞還包括：
/ˈwɔ:mˌbæŋk/
a heated building where people who cannot afford to heat their own homes may go.
形容為因能源成本飆升而難以取暖的人們提供的溫馨、溫暖的空間。
/ˌkwaɪət ˈkwɪtɪŋ/
1. the practice of doing no more work than one is contractually obliged to do, esp in order to spend more time on personal activities.
形容在工作中只完成基本職責，更傾向于把時間花在私人活動中；
2. the practice of doing little or no work while being present at one’s place of employment.
上班期間偷懶，逃避工作。
/ˈpaːtɪˌgeɪt/
a political scandal over social gatherings held in British government offices during 2020 and 2021 in defiance of the public-health restrictions that prevailed at the time.
指2020年、2021年疫情期間，英國前首相約翰遜與其政府人員違反防疫政策，進行社交聚會的“派對門”丑聞。
/ˈspluːtɪŋ/
the act of lying flat on the stomach with the legs stretched out.
指（為應對高溫天氣）四肢伸直、趴在涼爽的表面上的行為。
/ˈlɔːˌfɛə/
the strategic use of legal proceedings to intimidate or hinder an opponent.
指戰略性地使用法律程序來恐嚇或阻礙對手。
/ˈvaɪbˌʃɪft/
a significant change in a prevailing cultural atmosphere or trend.
指主流氛圍或文化的重大改變。
/ˈspɔ:tsˌwɒʃɪŋ/
a term for organisations and countries that use sports activities to enhance their reputations or distract from unacceptable policies. Qatar, the host of the 2022 football World Cup starting this month, has been accused of sportswashing after concerns over the mistreatment of migrant labour, homophobia and freedom of expression.
Sportswashing組織或國家如何利用體育宣傳(舉辦奧運會或錦標賽等)來提高聲譽，或轉移人們對有爭議的活動或政策的注意力。
/ˌkærəˈliːən/
refers to the new monarchical era after the end of the second Elizabethan age this year and the accession of King Charles.
標志著伊麗莎白二世時代的結束和查爾斯國王統治的開始。
來源：Collins Dictionary、The Guardian、中國日報雙語新聞、環球時報、大學云英語。僅供交流、學習之用，版權歸原作者、原出處所有，若有侵犯了您的合法權益，請聯系我們進行更正、刪除，謝謝！
